Knowledge of Theory Essay

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Therefore Physical, mental and social is the three different types of well-beings of health.  Physical health: Physical fitness is good bodily health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A good height, weight is very good, is generally increased by improving nutrition and health care, and is also influenced by the standard of living and quality of life. Mental health: Mental health is a concept that refers to a human individual’s emotional and psychological well-being. One way to think about mental health is by looking at how effectively and successfully a person functions. Capable and competent, being able to handle normal levels of stress, maintain satisfying relationships, and lead an independent life.  Social health: Social health is if your social life is good, if you don’t have problems with your sport partners, and no problems of money, basically social health is if you have a good life, and you don’t have many problems with friends and family. Have friends that you can be open with, etc†¦ Fitness can be defined as the capacity to carry out the day’s activities without undue fatigue.  Physical fitness has two meanings: general fitness (a state of health and well-being) and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations). Physical fitness is the capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, and muscles to function at optimum efficiency.  General fitness: Physical fitness is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery within the parameters allowed by the genome. Components:  Stamina:- to maintain effort (both cardiovascular and muscular) ; with stamina in football you last longer while you playing a match and it makes you play the game better.  Strenght:- to deal with the efforts and loads placed on the body ; with strenght you’ll be able to tackle the ball and the reverse player harder and with more power.  Supplness:- to move joints through their full range ; you’ll be more agil while you doing skills in football.  Speed:- to contract muscles quickly and slowly ; you’ll run faster than your opponent while you playing football. Specific fitness: Specific or task-oriented fitness is a person’s ability to perform in a specific activity with a reasonable efficiency. Specific training prepares athletes to perform good in their sports.In all the sessions I worked with Habib, he was my circuit training partner. During some session we had some interruptions from some people. The first session was the hardest one, but after the session it started to get easier.  I think I can do better then this, I progressed in all the sessions, but not that much in the push-ups, I think I progressed in almost all the sessions because I have been working harder each circuit. In all my lesson it were almost all the same, I worked always with Habib and was very easy .  Session 1- I worked with Habib and it was a bit difficult doing this circuit at the first time. There was lots of pupils †messing around†.  Session 2- I worked with Habib again and it was much easier to do the circuit this time, there were some disturbances during the circuit.  Session 3-I worked with Habib and was a good circuit with less interruption then the last time.  Session 4 -I worked with Habib once again and it was similar as the last circuit in terms of behaviour. But it was much easier to do the exercises.  Session 5-I worked with Habib for the last time , the behaviour terms were good and I had to do ma best in the exercises and I did. Planning  I think I didn’t use any pre-test results. I think that the training should have been harder den what it was. I applied some of the training in my circuit. They were specified to my sport, the sport that I choose was football .I used all the best sections that I think that would apply better to my specific sport.  Performing  I progressed in almost all my sessions of my circuit, but there was one that I didn’t progress that much. The keep-ups, bench raisers. I did all my session for 11min and a rest of 30s. After that I improved a lot in each of the exercises witch is a example that the circuit training resulted and that is worth doing it. Monitoring  Over the 5 week my skills in the types of session that I choose improved a lot, the heart rate and the rovery rate stayed the same. Witch is a good result an that shows a bit of improvement and that shows if you do the circuit training properly the results will be great.  Final Evaluation  My circuit training was good, but not successful enough, because it based in my sport but if it had more sessions it could be improved more. My training was more based in my legs, and my legs work improved a bit. My skills improved a lot and I enjoyed doing this type of circuit. This is very useful to be done in footbal beciuse there is evidence it improves the players skills.

Case Study †An Ethical Dilemma Essay

Jackie, a young star with a prominent voice who gets picked up by a professional recording label after performing at a national talent competition. Overwhelmed with excitement, thinks it is a dream come true to start a career with a lucrative contract. Meets and has an intimate encounter with her soon to be manager, Kevin. Months go by as their relationship begins to flourish but soon she starts to hear rumors that Kevin has helped a new girl in the legal department get her position threw their own personal relations. Jackie has suspicions that Kevin may be having other deeper interactions with this new girl. Jackie’s suspicions turn out to be true and she is devastated. She obviously breaks off the relationship with Kevin but cannot afford to lose him as her manager. Time goes by with awkward silence between the two but eventually Jackie decides to be professional with her career and continues to keep Kevin on as her manager. This lasts awhile until Kevin starts to make inappropriate sexual advances towards her. She tries to laugh it off but as he continues she threatens to make a formal complaint to legal. He does eventually stop but has stopped all efforts to promote her music thus making it very difficult for her to continue on with her success. She eventually does decide to make a complaint with legal, there is where she runs into Leslie, the girl that Kevin had got the position for in legal. She tells her, â€Å"even I believed you, you didn’t report this relationship which goes against our superior-employee ethics code†. So either she had the choice to let the matter go or to make a complaint which would in turn have her also reprimanded. She is forced with  an ultimate decision and eventually decides to do nothing. Summarized Ethical Issue at Heart The unethical issue at heart is the manager, Kevin, making inappropriate gestures towards Jackie after they had broken up. Doing so with Jackie’s vulnerable position of whether or not to report the issue which would do more harm than good. Or to leave the matter alone and just hope that Kevin would leave her alone. Neither option are better suited for Jackie who in this case is the victim, which leads to the question of appropriate ethical responsibility of the company. Details that are missing in the case A 3rd party perspective on the details of both parties. More detail as to what accusations were being made towards Kevin and Jackie. Whether Kevin had proper ethical training. List of all stakeholders who would be involved with this ethical dilemma. Employees Other artists Board of Trustees Investors Legal Department Customers Community Media Three stakeholders and the concerns they may have. Employees Don’t like how they are working for an unethically sound company. Thinking how it could happen to them if they were put in the same situation If the  problem was ever made public how would my job security look? Would this company’s name stain my resume? Investors How will my portfolio look if this artist is to become successful with another producer? Will this story become public? Will my shares plummet from this company’s bad publicity? What would happen to the company outlook if the entire company was to go thru proper corporate ethical training? Could it be a success? Board of Trustees This will look bad if the story was to made public How must will it cost to perform proper corporate training on proper ethical behavior? Do the managerial levels need to be reevaluated? Could the company be looking at a lawsuit? Five solutions. Perform corporate training at all levels reviewing proper ethical conduct Fire the manager Workout an undisclosed settlement See if another manager is available to take her on Leave and try to find successes elsewhere Top three solutions with possible consequences. 1. Perform corporate training at all levels, monitor it and have employees sign off on regulating polices that are being implemented regarding superior-employee relations as well as all other common ethical practices. Doesn’t really solve the problem at hand, may be good for the future but doesn’t help Jackie Company sets public perception that their ethical standards are in question Very timely and costly Risk of employees losing interest/possible turnover of employees 2. Fire and Replace the Manager May get sued by Kevin for wrongful termination Jackie’s verbal threats may continue Incident is likely to be made public Board of Trustees would have to look over all management positions Loss of all positive profits that Kevin may have acquired 3. Workout an undisclosed settlement Costly Sets a standard for future wrong doings May not stay quiet Fellow employees and/or artist may exercise more scrutiny as they mature on with their job Three Stakeholders and Top Three Solutions with two pros and two cons effects on the Stakeholder. Make company employees take corporate training on proper ethical behavior Will benefit the company’s overall performance Give the media something different to talk about with regards to the company Very costly Employees may decline to take it/possible employee turnover Fire and Replace the Manager Jackie would be satisfied The company would have a bad employee released Fellow artists may lose that label Manager could sue for wrongful termination Workout an undisclosed amount Jackie would be happy and the problem would be resolved Stays quiet Costly Solves no future problems Two ethical principles upheld or violated by the top three solutions. Make company employees take corporate training on proper ethical behavior Provides positive integrity to the company As long as the training provided was paid hours it shouldn’t be seen in any way of being unethical Trust and Communication Fire and Replace the Manager Fails to meet ethical standards simply because not enough information is known Unethical towards the employees as some could suddenly be put into a disadvantage Work out an undisclosed amount Completely unethical from the rest of the company’s standpoint as this option would be odd and serve no purpose towards the rest of the company Financially unethical to use funds to serve as a settlement rather than other purposes of the company Performing corporate training at all levels, monitoring it and have employees sign off on regulating polices that are being implemented regarding superior-employee relations as well as all other common ethical practices will provide positive integrity to the company. If the training hours were paid and it didn’t have an effect on daily routine then it doesn’t seem to be unethical to request training hours. Firing the manager Kevin would solve Jackie’s problem but only hers alone. To be fair which is a principle of  ethics would be to implement a code that would benefit the company as a whole. Although what Kevin is accused of doing is warranted of being fired there just isn’t enough information for the company to let him go. Her words against his wouldn’t be enough to fire him. This is why a revamp of full corporate training probably stands to be the best possible solution for this situation. Decision and Implementation Identify the best solution. Implementing corporate training throughout the entire staff of the company maybe specializing in specific areas would be most likely to be the best possible solution. There are a lot more benefits to educating employees on proper ethics. A workplace in which an ethics code has been instilled is a naturally pleasant place. Employee morale rises in an atmosphere that promotes good behavior and honest interactions. Reasons why this is the best solution. It creates a better atmosphere in the workplace, teaches an office how to work as a team, promotes personal responsibility, and has always shown to boost staff morale. A work ethics training program promotes teamwork by instilling trust in co-workers. People are more likely to be amenable to working together when they appreciate and respect one another. Why the other solutions were rejected Firing the manager Kevin as well as making an undisclosed settlement were found to be unethical towards other members of the company. It would not be a good example to set if the company were to single out an incident and act in an irregular way towards that issue. There also wasn’t enough facts to the case to make the decision to fire the manager, Kevin. Especially doing so knowing full well it would affect other stakeholders. Possible objections to the solution The company may find that employee may complain that they do not need to take part in training. A mandatory requirement may need to be implemented for all employees. A turnover rate within the employees may be seen. Investors or Board of Trustees will look at all avenues of the cheapest method of implementing training. How would you overcome these objections? Make it a requirement to attain a certain number of ethics training hours. Find other avenues of funding that can contribute to the program to make sure that employees are receiving the best training. Self-inflicted training from the managerial level is a cheaper method to instruct employees. References Ethical Dilemma. (n.d.). Forbes. Retrieved , from http://www.forbes.com/2004/06/23/cx_da_0623topnews.html Advantages of Training Employees About Work Ethics. (n.d.). Small Business. Retrieved , from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-training-employees-work-ethics-44472.html Ethics Training in the Workplace. (n.d.). Ethics Training. Retrieved , from http://www.rctm.com/ethics.htm Institute For Ethical Awareness. (n.d.). Institute For Ethical Awareness. Retrieved , from http://www.instituteforethicalawareness.org The Online Business Ethics Training Program | Ethics Training Guide. (n.d.). Ethics Training Guide. Retrieved , from http://ethicstrainingguide.org/

Analysis of B School Dress Code Essay

Objective – to know the preference of students regarding dress code in a B school Reason – there was a lot of debate relating to the dress code and hence we thought of picking this as the survey topic .Earlier 1st 2 days of the week students were compelled to wear formals which has been lately scrapped creating a lot of confusion in the college . Results of the survey A sample size of 30 comprising of students of Ibs was taken 1. Questions regarding which dress code would be ideal for a B school Formal -16 Casual – 3 Smart casual -9 Any -2 2.should formals be made compulsory in B schhol Yes -11 No-19 3.was the college right in restricting students from wearin capris and sleevless Yes 18 No 12 4.How’s do you rate the dressing of students in B school Good -13 Below average -4 Avg-11 V good – 2 5.Other comments 1. Strict actions should be taken against the students who don’t abide by the rules . 2.everyone has the right to wear whatever they feel they are comfortable with , and there shouldn’t be any compulsion and restriction . 3.no t-shirts with improper sayings or picture 4.students by self should pick on wearing formal clothing as this creates a corporate atmosphere 5.comfort is important where people have to sit forlong hours, so casual but decent clothings should be allowed. Conclusion – maximum students believe formal clothing is the right dress code for a B school , but they need no force for the same . 19 of 30 Students think wearing capris and sleeveless does not suit the b school arena .the current rating on the dressing of the students is a close tuff between good and average . From the comments we conclude that there is a close tiff but all believe indecent clothes should not be selected but comfort can be given preference.

Mona Lisa`s Portrait Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mona Lisa`s Portrait Analysis - Essay Example It is often assumed that standing in front of the portrait evokes senses that also create some sort of connection with the woman in the portrait. The whole idea of standing and appreciating the beauty of the portrait is quite fascinating and alluring in every sense considering its recognition as one of the highly admired piece of artwork in the world (Claire (1999) The portrait is a fine piece of work of one of the highly admired and well-respected artist of the world, Leonardo Da Vinci. His creativity and artistic touch earned him a place in millions of hearts across the world. It is assumed that Leonardo Da Vinci never completed his artworks and used to leave them unfinished. The portrait of Mona Lisa took four years of time to emerge as one of the highly intriguing portraits of all time. This piece of art was finished in the 15th century in France that also highlight the fact of the rise of art and creativity in different parts of the world. The portrait of Mona Lisa did not grab eyeballs till the 19th century when emerging symbolist movement began to recognize its worth, beauty and relevance. The appreciation level reached new heights attracting others to appreciate the work along with identifying wide arrays of stories pertaining to the woman’s face, landscape and the whole idea of portraying a woman showcasing enigmatic emotions. Analyzing the picture gives an idea that the whole ambiance of the portrait is quite unique and appealing in nature. The folded hands of the woman highlight her reserved posture while her eyes and lips speak unheard stories and emotions. The face and emotions welcome the viewer with a smile that is enigmatic in nature yet appealing and spellbinding. The corners of the mouth and eyes have been painted brightly that enhances the beauty of the portrait.

Protecting Personal Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Protecting Personal Information - Essay Example But there are many concerns which consumers must consider if they want to enter into protected and secure transactions with the seller companies without any security risks involved. They must watch what PII they are going to share with the companies online. Companies might ask them to give their PII like name, address, phone number, e-mail address, spouse’s name, name of parents and children, social insurance number, bank account number or credit card number. Consumers should make sure that the seller companies have a privacy policy mentioned on their websites and that the security of their credit cards or any other mode of payment is also guaranteed. If the credit card number has been given, then the statement must be checked regularly so as to make sure that there are no unknown charges that are not in the consumer’s knowledge. It is also a sensible idea to keep a copy of all agreements, transactions, and communications that have been carried out with the online vendo rs so that a proof is always there in case of complaints- minor or severe.Two of the many laws regarding identity theft are discussed below:Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)CFAA was designed in 1984 and deals with penalties for the intruders who gain access to sensitive information stored in a computer without authorized access. Computers have to be protected when the consumers carry out commercial activities, engage in cross-border e-commerce, and make online business transactions and email communications with online traders.... It is also a sensible idea to keep a copy of all agreements, transactions and communications that have been carried out with the online vendors so that a proof is always there in case of complaints- minor or severe. Laws and Legislation Two of the many laws2 regarding identity theft are discussed below: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) CFAA was designed in 1984 and deals with penalties for the intruders who gain access to sensitive information stored in a computer without authorized access. Computers have to be protected when the consumers carry out commercial activities, engage in cross-border e-commerce, and make online business transactions and email communications with online traders. The Act applies penalties upon the identity thieves starting from 10 years to 20 years of imprisonment. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) This law was passed in order to eliminate the menace of identity theft. The need for secure online networks initially arose when issu es like computer viruses and internet fraud posed a threat to the security and privacy of data stored on online servers and health records. HIPAA was passed by U.S. Congress on August 21, 1996. It deals with the privacy issue of the consumer’s data and presents Privacy Rule which ensures fines and punishments for fraud and violation of the rule. Ethical, Moral and Social Issues It is important to educate the users of internet and computer systems about â€Å"intellectual property rights issues, privacy/ surveillance issues, access to data issues and issues of human-computer interaction† (Stahl, Carroll-Mayer and Norris, 2006, p.298). They should know that

Drinking Age in the US regarding college students Essay

Drinking Age in the US regarding college students - Essay Example However, after 1984, the American government pressured the state governments to declare twenty-one to be the new legal limit for those who wished to consume alcohol (Trex). While their intentions were to curb destructive habits that were common even then among youthful drinkers, their reasoning that the youth were too young at eighteen years to consume alcohol responsibly was not rational. It is preposterous to state that 18 year olds cannot be trusted with alcohol if they are entrusted with the safety of their country as soldiers and also have the right to marry and procreate at eighteen (Wood). Eighteen year olds in America can be can tried as grown men and women in law courts, pay taxes, vote, serve on juries, drive, conclude financial contracts, and purchase weapons. Essentially, age cannot be used to determine whether or not a person will choose to drink responsibly. Even though there is a lot of media attention given to underage drinkers who become a nuisance to society, there is not much attention given to adult drinkers who exhibit the very same behaviors. In addition, the outlawing of a negative behavior may not necessarily change the way people view that particular behavior. For instance, posting speed limits in different places does not necessarily stop people from speeding. Raising or Lowering the Drinking Age Limit. Raising the Drinking Age Limit is only likely to increase the number of drinkers who can be referred to as under-age drinkers. It is also likely to cause young adults to start abusing other substances in greater numbers than was the case before. When drinking is presented as the one thing that people may not participate in, it starts being perceived as the ‘forbidden fruit’. This happens with people of all ages; whether they are adult or underage drinkers. A good example of this is the 1920s when drinking was prohibited in America. Rather than curbing drinking habits, this reality actually increased the numbers of people wh o turned to drink. In addition, crime families acquired great power due to the popularity of their alcohol producing rackets. If the legal age limit for drinking is raise, young adults who participate in drinking will turn more into binge drinking in an effort to consume all their existing stock, once they purchase it, so that they are not caught by the authorities with alcoholic drinks on their persons. Lowering the age limit can actually benefit communities that have been indoctrinated with the notion that beer is not some special substance that is only accessible to those of a certain age. All over the world, there are communities that take their daily meals with small doses of alcoholic wine. In the French and Spanish cultures, for instance, children are brought up consuming moderate amounts of alcohol with their parents at all mealtimes (Wood). While drunkenness is a taboo in these cultures, it is not even as big a problem as drunkenness is in places such as the United States w here wine is not often consumed during mealtimes. For people who are brought up around alcohol, and who have the chance to learn how to consume it in moderation from their parents, they do not perceive alcohol as a magic potent or poison. In addition, young adults in such societies do not encounter any extreme pressure to prove their maturity by engaging in overdrinking. This proves that perceiving alcohol consumption

To be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To be Determined - Essay Example Their joy therefore reflects their perfect and pure relationship they behold. The two lovers portray the fulfillment one gets in loving the partner. Porphyria is quite in love and even lacks words to express it to the lover. Later on, the lover finds out that she is much deep in love with him, when he says "at last I knew Porphyria worshipped me".{Browning}. In Rossetti's poem, the theme of love and passion has been explored in a unique manner. This is because the image of love and passion has taken two dimensions, such that the author is bringing out Kate's engagement as perfect and standing the test of time. While her cousin's is doomed after what she held precious is lost. She talks of leading a shameless shameful life and not even the neighbors have regard for her. This changes the theme to that of Hate because she rail against the fact that she was lured by wealth and would not have taken her love's hand when she knew that she would treat her like a rag and plaything. This purposefully reveals to us the sufferings one can be faced with when they fail in finding a true love that cares and values them. Rossetti's poem is therefore driving in some important message of love and suffering intertwined together. Such that not all love come to blossom especially if one is lured by wealth and not real love, i.e. if it's bought. Styles brought out In regard to the two poems, the major style explored is imagery. It is clearly brought out in the Browning's in which we are able to visualize the setting of the poem and even the passion shared by the two. The beach because we are told that she withdrew the dripping cloak and shawl. A clear picture is brought out when porphyria's lover gives a vivid description on the way his love blazes up a gloomy grate and warms up the cold lodge. This enough tells us how much she is of value to him. Imagery in Christina's poem is brought out through the woman who has been deserted by the lover. The suffering can be seen in her choice of regretful words. We are also able to see the kind of peaceful and lovely life her cousin Kate is leading with her love which was described as planted in sand yet hers was founded in great love and wealth. Imagery in this poem has also been portrayed through the use of metaphor and simile. She has indirectly compared Kate's love with writ in sand, "You love was writ in sand" {Rosssetti}.meaning that her love was not founded on a strong ground but later survived. She even refers to Kate as 'fret' to mean that she is simply a trouble. This shows how resentful she feels towards her cousin Kate for having succeeded in her relationship. There is also use of similes to directly compare a person or situation, for example. "He wore me like a silken knot" "He changed me like a glove" These two comparisons give us an idea about the value that was accorded to the woman by the lover. In that he manipulated her according to his desires and later on dumped her just like one can throw away a used useless glove. Therefore this style can be said to be laying a lot of emphasis on the theme of hate since the woman does not only hate the lover but also dislikes the cousin for having a good life. Besides, it's

Adolf Hitler Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Adolf Hitler - Research Paper Example Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born to Alois Hitler and Klara Polzl on April 20, 1889 in a small Austrian village of Braunau Am near the German border. Alois was an illegitimate child of Maria Anna Schicklgruber. It is suspected that the father was a Jewish boy of the house where Maria used to work although there is no certain evidence to support this. This is important because Hitler would later in his life go on to start a campaign of eliminating Jews and their lineages, however remote they be. By the time Alois married Adolf’s mother, he already had two kids from previous marriages – a boy and a girl. Adolf was the fourth of the six children from this marriage, the previous three having died before reaching age 3 - so Hitler would get special attention from his mother due to her fear of losing him. Alois, a civil servant, retired after 40 years of service in 1896, the same year as Adolf started attending school at age six. Having been used to strict working life, Alois would often take out his frustration of retirement on the oldest boy in the household - Alois Jr., who was 13.He, however, ran away from home at age 14 which meant that Adolf, at age 7, would now be the subject of harsh words and beating from their father. At this time, the family moved to Lambach, Austria and then to Leonding, near Linz in 1898. Around this time, one day while rummaging through his father’s library, Hitler came across a book on the Franco-German war of 1870-71. He found the book very interesting and soon became more and more enthusiastic about anything related to war. In his memoires, Mein Kampf, Hitler recalls â€Å"It was not long before the great heroic struggle had become my greatest inner experience. From then on I became more and more enthusiastic about everything that was in any w ay connected with war or, for that matter, with soldiering.† When Adolf Hitler completed grade school, he wanted to become an artist but his father forced him to go to the technical school with the wish that Adolf become a civil servant one day just like Alois had been. Hitler did quite poorly in the first year as he wanted to show his father that he was unsuitable for technical school as he wrote in Mein Kampf (Chapter 2) "I thought that once my father saw what little progress I was making at the [technical school] he would let me devote myself to the happiness I dreamed of." But his father refused to listen and persisted with Adolf staying in the technical school which made Adolf perform badly in the school and indulge in various pranks and disobedience of his teachers. Then in 1903, Adolf’s father died of lung hemorrhage making Adolf the head male of the house. This also meant that his struggles with his father over the choice of career would come to an end and there would be no more harsh words or arguing with his father. In 1904, Hitler left the high school at Linz and moved to another one at Steyr, a town 25 miles from Linz. Here, Hitler lived in a small house with another boy and the boys would sometimes amuse themselves by shooting rats. During summer 1905, Hitler suffered from an inherited lungs disease. In September 1905, after passing an exam, Hitler and his friends celebrated it with drinks leading to him getting drunk and being woken up next day in the streets. After this incident, Hitler swore never to drink again. Using his poor health as an excuse, Hitler finally got rid of the school at age 16 and after spending some

Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Economic - Essay Example This article was about the slight drop in China’s passenger vehicle sales in February. 2. Introduction Economics is very essential because it affects our life everyday. As a worker and a consumer, we will have to make economic decisions like how to spend our income. Sometimes, the cost of all the goods and services that we need and want to buy is greater than our income. So, we have to analyze the situation and choose among our choices carefully. We make decisions about learning, working, earning and spending. And we can make all these decisions more effectively if we have better understanding of economics. A good way to start understanding economics is by examining how markets work and who participates in them. All these market participants come into the marketplace because they specific goals to satisfy. They have to pursue their self-interests; buyers maximize their incomes while suppliers maximize their profits. These maximizing behaviors are the driving force of market ec onomies. But it is not just about the buyers and the sellers; governments can also affect the individual choices or influence the marketplace in terms of taxes. This paper will try to figure out how markets, specifically the auto markets, work and examine the factors that may affect the decisions of the participants in the auto market. Economic concepts like demand, supply, price and tax will be the primary tool that will be utilized in this paper. 3. Analysis A. Market The term market simply refers to a place or situation where an economic exchange occurs – where a buyer and a seller interact (Schiller 2006, 47). It exists wherever and whenever an exchange takes place. The exchange of money or resources with goods and services is the market transaction. And in every market transaction, there must a buyer and a seller. The buyer represents the demand side because they demand goods and services in exchange with their money while the seller represents the supply side as they wi ll supply goods and services in exchange for the money. In this paper, the market to be examined is the auto market in China and its participants – the buyers of cars and the sellers or the auto makers like General Motors Co, Ford, Toyota and Mazda and the government. B. Demand â€Å"The Chinese lunar new year also bolstered demand for big-ticket items, but the following months could be challenging for automakers† (usa.chinadaily.com 2011, 2). For us to understand such statement, we should have the basic idea of what demand is. Schiller (2006, 48) defined demand as the buyers' willingness and ability to buy specific quantities of a good at alternative prices in a given period of time. It is inversely related to price. This means that the quantity of a good demanded in a given period of time increases as its price falls. This relationship is also referred to as the Law of Demand. In one of our articles, there was a recorded increase in demand for cars between December a nd January brought about by the tax incentives imposed by the government. Tax like sales tax affects the quantity of goods and services that consumers may demand. As it is an addition to the actual price of a good, the higher the tax imposed on the good the lesser quantity of that good the consumers will demand. For this purpose, Table 1 shows the effect of 10 per cent tax imposed on different prices of car. Price of

Movie Review Shawshank Redemption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Movie Review Shawshank Redemption - Essay Example He accepts the punishment with dignity, not bothering about the social stigma associated, for he knows he is innocent. The Shawshank Prison reflects the drudgery and slowness of prison life, as is visible in most prison movie. The striking difference however, is the portrayal of Andy’s free and hopeful spirit, and how one free spirit can bring about a radical change in the environment. Andy has his shares of troubles in prison. The Shawshank prison reflects some of the rawest forms of human rights’ violation including â€Å"the Sisters† attempting to get Andy to perform oral sex for them. The movie is about a determined, hopeful human being with an unbending spirit breaking free from the shackles of misery. Andy, slowly but steadily, inches his way through the walls using a rock-hammer over a period of decades until he finally breaks free. Even during his stay in prison, Andy improves the quality of life of his inmates by helping establish a small prison library. His knowledge of Banking and Taxation help him to initially work with the corrupt warden, finally expose his misdeeds in public and leading him to commit suicide in the end. The movie perhaps trudges along a trifle slowly in the middle. That could well be a reflection of the leaden passage of time, the years of redemption one has to undergo before achieving salvation and experiencing freedom. The cinematography is near excellent. The damp blue, green, and grey walls, which at times seem like shades of black and white, reflect the characteristic dullness of prison life. The Shawshank Redemption is also a story of friendship between two souls – Andy and Red (Morgan Freeman). It is a story of how two individuals from contrasting backgrounds – one guilty of murder and the other innocent, come together to help each other. While Red, â€Å"the man who can get you anything in prison,† helps him get hold of a rock-hammer – the tool that helps him achieve his goal of

Main Factors Affecting Product Pricing in the UK Essay

Main Factors Affecting Product Pricing in the UK - Essay Example These factors are sometimes specific to products whereas at times they run across all or many products. (DBIS, 2011) Factors determining product pricing in UK One interesting factor that determines product pricing in the UK is gender. It might not affect all products but it does affect some products. According to the Association of British Insurers (ABI) research on â€Å"use of gender in insurance pricing†, gender plays a significant role in determining the price of insurance products. The researchers also report that there was, however, no patterned discrimination against either gender in this pricing. However, use of gender to determine the price of insurance commodities is conspicuous. For instance, ABI reports that young female drivers parted with less for insurance coverage as compared to their male counterparts. This is attributed to the lower chance of the female drivers having accidents in relation to male drivers. In another example, women gain more in matters of lif e insurance due to lower premiums because they have a longer life expectancy. Men, on the other hand, benefit from lower medical premiums between age thirty-five and fifty-five. This is due to the medical risks involved between the ages .i.e. women have higher medical risks. (ABI, 2010, pp. 4-10). Product differentiation is another determinant of product pricing in the UK. Product differentiation is bettering a commodity by making it different and of unique qualities as well as adding newness to the market. Product differentiation could bring with it advantages that include product variety which would result in lowered prices for consumers. Many differentiated products, therefore, are advantageous to the consumer. (Randall, 2009, pp. 17-19). Similar products by different companies lead to substitution by customers in case of price changes. Highly differentiated products, on the other hand, have lower price competition regardless of the number of companies that are competing. Example s of such products include cigarettes, beauty products and service industries like hotels among others. In such products, there is a monopoly in terms of pricing for the marketers since customers do not seem to look at pricing. British American Tobacco has not had a significant change in their number of customers despite an increase in its products’ prices. Therefore the less differentiated a product is, the higher the chance of its customers shifting to other competing products as a result of changes in pricing. (Wiley, 2005, pp. 2-5) Holcombe’s concept of an advantageous product differentiation has been employed in the UK by several departments, among them, the UK Department for International Development (DFID). The department conducted a research to establish how an introduction to this strategy could make medicine more accessible to patients. (Yadav, 2010, pp. 5-10). Government interventions and strategies, for instance, increase in interest rates, also tend to aff ect product pricing especially on financial assets like shares. The Bank of England is charged with the responsibility to regulate these rates and therefore the bank’s decision on the rates affects the prices of these assets. Increase in interest rates on these assets leads to increase in prices of the related commodities. (Bank of England, 2011).

Language Arts Essay Example for Free

Language Arts Essay This topic will provide students with an interactive method of learning numeracy, literacy, inquiry and responsibility within the environment in which we live (Rice Wilson, 1999). It gives ample leeway for creating lessons within the subject areas of Science, Mathematics, Language Arts, and Social Studies. Such a unit will make students aware of the place and role of trees in the environment. It will also enhance their knowledge of the structure and function of trees as living things. Students will also understand how humans depend on trees in the environment and also how the activities of humans have adversely affected the environment in the past. Finally, it will make students aware of how their individual actions toward trees can improve the state of the environment. Overall Expectations: 1. Students will learn how trees grow. 2. Students will learn the uses that humans have for trees. 3. Students will explore what humans and trees have in common. 4. Students will learn size and texture comparisons from parts of trees. 5. Students will learn how to count using tree limbs, leaves, and other tree parts. 6. Students will learn numeracy and estimation by exploring how many more limbs are possessed by one tree over another. 7. Students will learn vocabulary and how to construct sentences about trees. 8. Students will learn about forests and how they have been harmed by humans in the past Specific Expectations Integrated Science Students will be expected to make connections between trees and the things in their lives made from trees. They will be expected to be able to tell the facts about trees. Such prompts will be given to allow them to name such characteristics as size, colour, and the different parts of a tree that they are familiar with. Student will also be expected to learn observation and note-taking skills as part of the scientific process. Mathematics Students should be able to demonstrate their knowledge of counting objects and of the fact that one number represents on object via counting branches, leaves, and other parts of trees. They are also expected to be able to perform arithmetic operations of adding and subtracting using tree icons as computational tools. Students are also expected to learn (or reinforce knowledge of) descriptors such as larger, longer, bigger, taller, thinner, and other comparisons. Language Arts Students are expected to learn vocabulary connected with trees and to recognize them as sight words. They are expected to make connections between trees, their parts, animals and humans, and should be able to construct simple sentences that explain facts about them. Students should also be able to recognize and properly use comparative adjectives such as tall and taller, thin and thinner, long and longer, etc. Specific Expectations Students will be expected to be able to understand the interactions of humans and animals with trees. They should be able to name such things that they have seen in trees, such as birds nests and squirrels. They will then be expected to understand whether trees are alive or dead and required to say why they have answered in a specific way.

The Role Of The 1870 Forster Education Act Education Essay

The Role Of The 1870 Forster Education Act Education Essay This Act provided a network of elementary schools for filling the gaps in the provision from church-run charity schools which were available for the poor, while the rich could afford private tutors. They only wanted all the children to have the basic education, not to change the class basis of education. Forester Education Act made state education compulsory up to the age of 10 and so they were taking childrens out of employment. The childrens families did not like that because they would have less money with childrens not working. The writer H. G. Wells describe this an act to educate the lower class lines, and with specially trained, inferior teachers. However, the Act signified the first general acceptance, which leads in schooling being paid from state taxations and resulting in a link between the state and education that exit today. The 1870 Act, also explain the cause of so many old primary schools existing from 100 years ago, many of them being build in the years following the Act. There were some reasons for introducing this Act such as an economical benefit like educated workforce beneficial for society and also for maintaining global position. Philanthropic reason, because it was wrong to have childrens working from young ages, seen as being antirevolutionary, appearing to bring equality which will also be beneficial to society and to individual. Another reason could be that it seemed that the school provided some kind of social control through education by teaching people how to behave. This Act was introduced also because of political functions being in need for educated population (Taylor P, 1995), (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Identify the differences between formal education and the hidden curriculum. Make reference to the functionalist and the Marxist viewpoint. In schools childrens are learning a lot of things that are not part of their timetable of official lessons. The hidden curriculum term is used to refer at what children learn indirect from the manner in which the school is organised and also from their teachers. In most of the schools hidden curriculum include punctuality, obedience to authority, appropriate dress, co-operation, honesty. These values and others are communicated by teachers in assemblies. The formal education, comparing with the hidden curriculum, refers to the skills that a person already has, that are prescribed, fixed and it cant be changed. Marxists argue that it creates subservient workforce who are trained to be compliant and bored but the functionalists argue that this is beneficial for the society, they argue that society needs to be in balance, to work together(Guy, C., 2012). Guy, C., (12.12.2012), Hidden Curriculum-Formal Curriculum, Handout Describe and evaluate the tripartite system of education. There were theories that there were different types of pupils, with different abilities and aptitudes and that they could identify a childs type by intelligence testing. Because of this theory, the 1944 Act had introduced a national test called the 11 plus test for allocating childrens to one of the three types of secondary school. Those three types of secondary school were technical schools, secondary modern schools and grammar school. These three were known as tripartite system of secondary education. Grammar school were aiming for children who were classified as bright and academic good at solving logical problems. These childrens were meant to study science, mathematics and difficult subject in order to prepare for GCE exams. There are records showing that less than 20 % of the school population went to study in grammar schools. The technical schools were meant to be for children with abilities in technical subjects with an attendance of 5 %, but most of the children went to seco ndary modern schools. They received basic education with an opportunity in taking an external examination until CSEs was introduced in 1960. The tripartite system was meant to provide separate but equal types of schooling geared for those children with particular abilities. Some of the ideas of the Act were to have equal status, similar equipment and staffing, but that did not worked in practice. There were children that did not participated in the tripartite system at all. Also the private sector of education was being excluded from the scope of the Act and the independent schools continued to charge fees. There were some criticisms of the tripartite system because they provided low self esteem for children making them to think that they are not cleaver enough or they did not tried enough. Another criticism was that provided social class division in society because even though the fees were abolished, working class children were less likely to go to a grammar school that those from middle class. Because of the criticisms about 11 plus examination, the tripartite system was rejected. (Taylor P, 1995), (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Describe and evaluate the comprehensive system. Comprehensive system is based on the principle of one type of secondary school for everyone. Children from all kind of social backgrounds and with all kind of abilities could attend the same type of school, being provided with the same chances and opportunities to obtain training and qualification. The age 11 entrance exam does not exist. Legislation from 1980s provided parents with large choices of schools. The movement from selective to comprehensive school remains a political matter. The political left and the Labour party favourite comprehensive schools because in their opinion this was the only school that provided equality in education. In contrast with this, the right and the Conservative Party were very concern about providing appropriate education for everyone. In 1965 the Local Education Authorities were asked by the Labour government to reorganise secondary education on comprehensive lines. The trend of comprehensive slowed down after 1970 allowing grammar schools to exist at the same time as comprehensives. With the election of Labour government was also introduce a legislation requiring all LEAs to go comprehensive. By the end of May 1979, 80% of secondary school children were attending comprehensive. Comprehensive schools failed to meet their originals aims because some public opinions opposed comprehensive education; a broad social mix in a school has rarely been achieved as schools reflect their catchment area; New Right claimed that academically capable children were held back (Taylor P, 1995). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. What is marketization in education? Explain and evaluate how league tables can play a part in marketization. Marketization in education represent the way the school make them buyable by the parents who want a good school for their childrens, a school that provide high standards of benefits such as school that provide a swimming pool, a meal, a music room or a sport club. The League Tables were introduced to provide information about the schools. Also because of the existence of League Tables, parent were able to make a better choice in which school to enrol their children, meaning that there was a competition created between school named as marketization; parents wanting to sent their children to schools that appeared successful in League Tables (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Describe and evaluate the role of vocational education in the UK today. Vocational education means training for a specific job. Because the industry needed skilled work forces, they made these vocational education schools in which pupils were trained in vocational courses because some of the childrens responded better to courses related to work. Some of the recent initiatives are; youth training scheme (YTS), employment training (ET), national vocational qualification (NVQ). This is another attempt to raise standards. Evaluating the vocational education, some argue that dont leave equal opportunities, some vocational courses are not highly valued and may be considerate as second rate. Some are saying that are unfair because are set when childrens are too young; also this may be a way of paying law wages and there may not be a job at the end. From Marxist point of view, the industry is failing. He argues that it is more about training for low wages. However, universities have been open to vocational qualification, but not all (Guy, C., 2012). Guy, C., (05.12.2012) Vocationalism, Handout Describe and evaluate the Assisted Placed Scheme. This scheme sponsors academically gifted children, helping them to pay the fees for their independent schooling. It was initiated in 1980 by The Education Act and operates by the Secretary of State for Education. The parents who had childrens at independent school were given help in paying the fees. They wanted to give a chance to gifted children who had less affluent parent at having a high academically education. By 1985, 17,500were using the scheme and by 1990, 34,000. In 1988 and 1989, the cost of the scheme was  £50 millions. As an overall the cost was small. The scheme weakens the state sector of education but reinforce the private sector. The selection process involves interviews with parents and children, procedure which can affect childrens with parents from working class backgrounds. There is an assumption in the scheme that the schooling offered by the independent schools is better that that from the state system (Taylor P, 1995). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Analyse and evaluate the role that the Public School System plays in Britain today. The public schools were categorised as agents of moral and spiritual development. They are still following their tradition, they have special attire. They are controlled by democratic authority and administration. In public schools, people can be seen as constituents meaning, they have a legitimate say in how the school should be run. In a way it can be said that private school are run by the parents who pay fees for their childrens (Holborn, 2004). The Public Schools term is commonly used in England and Wells referring to a group of 10 per cent of independent schools. The Public Schools are more prestigious schools such as Eton, Harrow and Rugby because they had always prepared pupils for important public offices. From 2000 independent schools, 200 are public schools. Holborn, H. a. (2004). Sociology-Themes and Perspectives, sisth edition. London: HarperCollins. Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins.

Effect of Humorous Advertisements on Customer Behavior

Effect of Humorous Advertisements on Customer Behavior Humor has a universal language. It doesnt need degrees in obscure languages, hardly ever in Clinical Psychology and it is one of the few devices used to make people smile and think at the same time. Humor has been widely used in advertising. However, while humor has attained popularity in advertising, its use is continuously being debated. The reason for this debate is that there are a number of both positive and negative effects which can be attributed to the use of humor. The purpose of this research paper is to answer following questions:- The impact of gender age on the degree of affection to the ads. The effect of humor appeal in Ads, on the consumers buying decision. To develop the conclusions exploratory descriptive research designs are used. Primary data are collected with the help of Focus group technique questionnaire method data is analyzed with the help of various statistical techniques. The conclusions of this paper help in clarifying the dilemma of humorous advertisements. Introduction: Advertising is one of the critical marketing variables which marketers use to differentiate products in a cluttered marketplace. In order to increase the effectiveness of advertising for a product, advertising messages should be unique and meaningful. This concurs with the von Restorff effect, which concludes that interference is minimized by the presentation of a unique item in a group of similar items. Companies have attempted to use many vehicles to create this differentiation effect. One such vehicle is the employment of humor. In order to have a better understanding, we need to further explore the world of advertisements, the appeals used, the targeted decision making components and the effects of Ads on the targeted consumer as a whole. There are two main components advertisers aim to effect; the affective component, where affective message strategies are applied by invoking feelings and trying to match them with the product or service offered in an effort to increase the likeability of the product, and also the cognitive components, where the Ad focuses on the attributes and benefits of the product, encouraging the consumer to buy it. Such components are affected by the leverage points in an Ad; these are the features in the Ad that helps the consumer transfer the advertised message into personal value. In order to achieve that, over the years, advertisers have attempted a wide variety of advertising approaches, there are seven main ones; fear, humor, sex, music, rationality, emotions and scarcity. Advertisers use one or combine several of these appeals to ensure that their targeted audiences receive their message. However, nowadays, humor appeal is being used extensively sometimes combined with others, but most of the time it is strong enough to be used solely. Humor in advertising constitutes billions of dollars in spending each year (Campbell et al. 44). A variety of benefits have been suggested for humorous appeals including: 1) Humor attracts attention. 2) Humor can increase retention of the advertising message. 3) Credibility of the source can be enhanced with humor. 4) Attitude toward the ad can be enhanced with the use of humor. 5) Counter arguments may be minimized with the use of humor because it acts to distract the audience from making cognitive responses. Furthermore, the popularity of humor is evident in the fact that 24.4% of television advertisements attempt to be humorous (Alden Hoyer 29). However, while humor has attained popularity in advertising, its use is continuously being debated. The reason for this debate is that there are a number of both positive and negative effects which can be attributed to the use of humor. Throughout the literature of this paper, the debatable effect of this appeal is discussed. Literature Review: There has been numerous researches proving that advertisement with humorous appeal can gain consumers likability. A strong positive correlation is also found between the degree of how well an advertisement is liked with the likability to the brand advertised (e.g., Gelb Pickett, 1983; Haley Baldinger, 1991; Weinberger Campbell, 1991; Zhang, 1996). In short, adding humorous elements can enhance ones likability of an advertisement and eventually increase liking to the brand advertised. Defining Humor Humor has been widely used in advertising. It has been suggested that 24.4% of prime time television advertising in the U.S. is intended to be humorous (Weinberger Spott, 1989). Regarding to advertising budget, 10% to 30% out of the total expenditure of $150 billion in the U.S. national media, is paid for the placement of advertisements that are having humorous content (Spotts, Weinberger Parsons, 1997). Operationally. humor is defined, according to Sternthal and Craig (1973), as heightened arousal, smiles, and laughter exhibited by an audience in response to a particular message (p.13). Moreover, humor can be defined in terms of how well the audience perceive the level of humor and it can be administered by pencil and paper test to measure how the audience perceive a particular message is humorous and funny or not. Humor in Advertising and Its Effect The reason why humor has been widely used in advertising is due to its power of create liking towards the advertisement by from the consumer. It has been found by Weingerber and Spotts (1989) that advertising practitioners coming from the U.S. and U.K. are generally favor in the use of humor on advertising. A couple of reasons are found and supported by many other researches that humor can enhance ones favorable attitude towards an advertisement. It is reviewed by Weingerber and Gulas (1992) that ten advertising studies and seven non-advertising studies report a positive effect of humor on liking while only two advertising studies and three non-advertising studies report neutral or mixed findings. Objective: The purpose of this research paper is to answer following questions:- The impact of gender age on the degree of affection to the ads. The effect of humor appeal in Ads, on the consumers buying decision. Research Methodology (a) Research Design: To have a better understanding about the issue exploratory research design was used. Two focus groups (i.e. one for each gender) were conducted to get the in depth insights about the topic. Each group consisted of 7 persons. Further descriptive research design was used to get the primary data with the help of close ended questionnaire. (b) Sample Design: 70 respondents were selected through convenience sampling. (c) Analysis: The data collected was analyzed with the help of various statistical tools like Chi-square test, ANOVA etc. Analysis Interpretations Exploratory research results: (I) Focus Group (A) It consisted of 7 males who were asked to provide views on the issue. It was a general opinion that to make the ad interesting creative there is in no harm in using humor appeal in ad but one also considered it purely offensive. They were also agreed on the fact that some time they buy the product because of Ad effect but product attributes are also equally important. (II) Focus Group (B) It consisted of 7 females who were asked to provide views on the issue. A contradiction in views was seen; half of them believed that humor appeal increases the liking of ads while rest treated it offensive or unaffected. 70% of them said that advertisements dont affect the purchase decision. (b) Descriptive research results: 54% of the respondents were male rests were female. 24% of the respondents were from less than 30 years age group 76% were from more than 30 years age group. 55% of the respondents admitted that their intuition or the way they feel about the product finalize their decision of purchasing the product, 35 % considered advertisement of product as the basis of purchase decision and rest purchase the product because of the attributes of product. 62% indeed admitted that they have purchased the product just because they liked the commercial. Both results indicate the affect of advertisements on the purchase decision of customers. When asked what they look for in an Ad; 45% believed the most important attribute of an ad is creativity, followed by 26% who believed it was the endorsers used how they relate to them. 56% of the respondents believed that, the use of humor content in advertisements is acceptable for products as long as its within certain limits. 27% found it offensive rest said that humor appeal increases the creativity of ads. Four print advertisements containing humor appeal (Refer Appendix) were shown respondents were asked to disclose their views. The results were as follow:- Response Ad 1 Ad 2 Ad 3 Ad 4 Total Percentage Offensive 0 7 0 12 19 7% Interesting 11 16 16 16 59 21% Creative 24 5 36 19 84 30% Really Nice 29 29 10 10 78 28% Unethical 0 7 6 13 26 9% Unaffected / Bored 6 6 2 0 14 5% Total 70 70 70 70 280 100% 58% of the customers found the advertisements Creative nice while very few respondents treated it offensive or unethical, which indicates that respondents are taking advertisements in positive manner. Majority of Respondents (i.e. 75%) replied that they would purchase the product based on the advertisements the humor appeal used in ads changed their purchase decision. (c) Hypothesis Testing: H01 = There is no association between degree of affection to the ads gender of respondents H11 = There is an association between degree of affection to the ads gender of respondents. Gender Degree of Affection Total Smart / Creative Inappropriate / Unethical Correct where needed Male 8 8 22 38 Female 4 11 17 32 Total 12 19 39 70 à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ 2 test Calculated Value Degree of Freedom Level of Significance Tabulated Value 1.94 2 5% 5.99 The result of the study shows that the null-hypothesis holds to be valid thus there is no association between degree of affection to the ads gender of respondents. H02 = Degree of affection towards the ads will be the same irrespective of the age of respondents. H12 = Degree of affection towards the ads will not be the same irrespective of the age of respondents. Age Degree of Affection Total Smart / Creative Inappropriate / Unethical Correct where needed 1 11 5 17 >30 Years 11 8 34 53 Total 12 19 39 70 ANOVA (F-ratio) Calculated Value Degree of Freedom Level of Significance Tabulated Value 1.66 (1,2) 5% 18.501 The analysis supports the null-hypothesis that degree of affection towards the ads will be the same irrespective of the age of respondents. In other words age was found to have no significant differences on the degree of affection to the ads. H03 = Humor appeal doesnt affect the buying decision of respondents. H13 = Humor appeal affects the buying decision of respondents. Product Purchase Decision Change Total Agree Disagree Yes 102 107 209 No 19 52 71 Total 121 159 280 à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ 2 test Calculated Value Degree of Freedom Level of Significance Tabulated Value 10.52 1 5% 3.841 The analysis provides enough evidence to reject the null Hypothesis. In other words Humor appeal affects the buying decision of respondents. Conclusions: It is a big question in marketing area that how the Humor appeal used in advertisements, is perceived by respondents. In the same line this research was conducted and following conclusions were drawn:- Humor appeal was not taken in negative manner by respondents if it was used in a limit for the relevant products to make the ad creative. Exploratory research shows that there is a thin line difference between the opinion of males females but as per the chi-square there is no significant difference in the views of males females towards the advertisements. Respondents of every age group having the same views on the issue. Humor appeal used in advertisements motivated the respondents to purchase the product but attributes of the product also plays a significant role in buying decision. References: Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues  /  Jan-July, 2006 Ethics in advertising: sex sells, but should it? by Jessica Dawn Blair, Jason Duane Stephenson, Kathy L. Hill, John S. Green The Ethical Dilemma of Advertisements By: May Abd El Latif El Hattab http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/sexual-appeals.php http://www.articleswave.com/advertising-articles/types-of-advertising-appeals.html

Can We Stop School Violence? Essay -- Mass School Shootings Essays

Violence in American schools is escalating faster than a speeding bullet. Society demands that schools be safe for our children, yet recent events indicate we need to escalate our efforts to prevent violence in schools at the same time address violence in the larger community. Crises involving sudden violence in schools are traumatic in large measure because they are unexpected. The shrapnel from bullets fired on school grounds have a way of touching the life's of many. In the wake of such a crisis, members of the school community are asked-and ask themselves-what could have been done to prevent it. Coordinated school efforts can help. But the solution does not just rest in the schools. Together we must develop solutions that are community-wide and coordinated, that include schools, families, courts, law enforcement, community agencies, representatives of the faith community, business, and the broader community. Wilmer Cody, Kentucky Commissioner of Education (Dwyer et. al.) To make our schools safer, everyone can and must pitch in-- teachers, parents, students, policy makers, law enforcement officers, business managers, faith leaders, civic leaders, youth workers, and other concerned community residents. Everyone who cares about children cares about ending violence. It is time to break the silence that too often characterizes even the most well-meaning school communities. Research and expert-based information is available for school communities to use in developing and strengthening programs that can prevent crises. School safety is everyone's job. Each of us can do something to help solve the problem. It's a problem we all must work together to solve. The Department of Education and the Department of Justice warns... ... Ph.D., Parachini A., Hernandez F., Ph.D., Cody M., Ph.D., Davis D. "From Words to Weapons, the Violence Surrounding our Schools." American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. 22 April 2001 <http://www.aclu-sc.org/school.html> Dwyer, K., Osher, D., and Warger, C. (1998). "Early warning, timely response: A guide to safe schools." Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. 22 April 2001 <http://www.cecp.air.org/guide/guidetext.htm> Kaufman P., Chen X., Choy S.P., Chandler K.A., Chapman C.D., Rand M.R., and Ringel C. NCES 99-251/NCJ-1 72215 "1999 Annual Report on School Safety." Washington, DC: 1998 U.S. Departments of Education and Justice. 21 April 2001 <http://www.ed.gov/offices/oese/sdfs/news.html> National Crime Prevention Council. Washington, DC "Stopping School Violence."Â   20 April 2001 http://www.ncpc.org/2schvio.htm

My First Dance Performance :: essays research papers

Dancing has been a passion with me for a long time. My mother tells me how any melody had me dancing when I was a toddler. On growing up I tried learning some serious dancing and after trying both Bharat Natyam and Kathak, I decided to pursue Kathak seriously. So, I have been learning Kathak for more than a year now. My Guruji teaches me twice a week about the steps, taals and abhinaya of Kathak. My passion for Kathak has grown since I started learning it. After my sessions I spend time rehearsing the steps and mudras and also love to watch performances on stage ant TV. I have been longing for an opportunity to perform onstage before a live audience. I did not have to wait long for an opportunity to dance on stage because the teachers decided to put up a Kathak group dance for the Class Five’s form evening. Preparing for the final evening was as much fun as the event itself. We were a group of eighteen girls. Some, like I, had some background in Kathak while others were dancing in this style for the first time. The teachers worked hard with us over a period of twenty days. They encouraged the team and were patient with us as we fumbled with the steps. It was hard work as the steps of the dance were changed few times till we got the steps all the eighteen girls were comfortable with. We did not grudge the effort and looked forward to performing before the parents. While the steps of dancers and the co-ordination amongst the team was being repeatedly rehearsed, the teachers decided upon the dresses, jewellery and makeup of the dancers. I thoroughly enjoyed every moment of the preparation to the big event. Finally, the day of the form evening arrived. The parents in the audience were in for an impressive display. Ours was the third item. The girls trooped in eager to give their best and to make the class look good. We all danced to the music, perfect and well co-ordinated in our steps. I was right in the centre and was one of the two dancers in the front.

Compare the ways in which Poe creates suspense Essay

Poe creates effective suspense in his stories, and two examples of which Poe creates suspense are â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. Poe creates suspense in his stories in various different ways, some are similar in each story, but some are different. Poe’s stories are filled with drama terror and fear, due to the suspense he creates. A lot of his stories are gothic and contain some sort of death or suffering. In the Tell-Tale Heart in the narrator persistently insists that he is not mad although throughout the story we learn more and more that he is in fact mad. He tries to prove his sanity by telling us how carefully he had planned the murder and all the precautions he had taken, but this just further proves his insanity. Also the narrator from the Tell-Tale Heart often talks the reader. Three examples of where the narrator directly speaks to the reader are, â€Å"but why will you say that I am mad?†, â€Å"You fancy me mad†, and, â€Å"if still you think me mad†. Another way that Poe creates suspense is by making the narrator obsessed with something, in the Tell-Tale Heart the narrator is obsessed with the old man’s eye, in the Cask of Amontillado the narrator is obsessed with revenge and in the Pit and the Pendulum the narrator is obsessed with survival, this means we cannot entirely trust the reader says, or what actions he may or may not have done, also the narrator in the Pit and the Pendulum is drugged and tired, although this is not his fault we can trust him the least. â€Å"It must have been drugged, for scarcely had I drunk before I became irresistibly drowsy. A deep sleep fell upon me — a sleep like that of death† Time is shown moving slowly when the sentences are longer and they include more commas, It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening†, â€Å"A watch’s minute hand moves more quickly than did mine†, and, â€Å"For a whole hour, I did not move a muscle† however, when the pace of the story increases and time appears to move faster, the sentences are much shorter, normally including two or three words. â€Å"I threw open the lantern and leaped into the room†, and, â€Å"They heard. They suspected. They knew†. Watches are referenced a few times during the Tell-Tale Heart, to give us a sense of how much time has passed, although it can also mean, as each tick of the watch symbolises a closer movement to the death of all humans, although in this case, the old man’s death. A quote to support this would be, â€Å"A watch’s minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. The narrator compares himself to a watch, suggesting it is he himself who is counting down until the old man’s death, as he is the one in control. Poe uses repetition many times in the story, and the technique is used as each use of repetition helps contribute to adding more atmosphere to the story, adding to the suspense and fear that we already feel. When they are used, the story slows down slightly, which makes our anticipation for finding out what happens next grow, and this pulls us further into the story, making us read on. In the Tell-Tale Heart, as the story is a 1st person account of the event, thinking solely about its use in the plot, it helps underline how detailed the narrator is in his details and how much he obsessed over the murder. â€Å"With what caution — With what foresight — With what dissimulation†, â€Å"How stealthily, stealthily†, and, â€Å"Louder! Louder! Louder! Louder!† In the Cask of Amontillado and the Tell-Tale Heart the protagonist likes to toy with the victim, which they are about to kill. For example in the Cask of Amontillado the protagonist, Montressor, gets out a trowel, which later on that would be the murder weapon, It is this,† I answered, producing a trowel from beneath the folds of my roquelaire. he also gives the victim multiple opportunities the escape and leave the cellar, he also told the victim that he would not die of a cough implying that he would die at the hands of Montressor. â€Å"Enough,† he said; â€Å"the cough is a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough.† And â€Å"True — true,† I replied; â€Å"and, indeed, I had no intention of alarming you unnecessarily — but you should use all proper caution. A draught of this Medoc will defend us from the damps.† Also in the Tell-Tale heart, the narrator is extra kind to the old man, and on the eighth night just before he killed the old man, he knew that the old man knew, that he was in the room, but he didn’t give up and carried on with the murder One of the many ways which Poe creates suspense is that the story is in the first person. This is present in all the stories I have studied, In the Tell-Tale Heart and the Cask of Amontillado the antagonist is the narrator, but in the Pit and the Pendulum the victim was the narrator. This is effective because we can only see what the narrator is seeing and what is going on his head. Sometimes knowing what goes on in the narrator’s head can make us feel sympathy for the victim. For example, we feel sympathy for the old man in the Tell-Tell Heart, as we learn that the old man, had done nothing wrong, and was kind to the narrator. Also this is effective because this makes us more involved with the story. The differences between the stories are that the narrator in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† gets caught by the police, because of his guilty conscience that manifests itself through the beating heart. Montresor, on the other hand, does not get caught, and lives with no one knowing. Montresor is not burdened by accusations of madness like the other narrator is; in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† it seems like the entire purpose for telling the tale is to prove that he isn’t insane. Montresor, on the other hand, just seems to want to tell the tale for the tale’s sake, not to prove that he is sane. In Montresor’s case there is hallucination of the beating heart to force him into confession; very little evidence of a guilty conscience is seen in Montresor. Poe created suspense in various effective ways, some are obvious to spot, and some are not. The Cask of Amontillado and the Tell-Tale Heart are two of his best stories in my opinion, they both create suspense in mostly different, although are very similar or the same. Poe’s stories are still popular today one reason for this could be because of the suspense that is present in his stories. I think one of the main reasons that Poe creates suspense is so that it drags the reader he so the reader would carry on reading.

How ICT can improve a business by speed and quality

In this digest I am going to fancy how ICT brush off-key improve a air by speed and quality. I am going to show this by victimization a Schools Sports solar daylight as an example.When utilise ICT to constrain a booklet for this Sports Day it is improving the time contractn to create it as it is much easier to grow it by computer. If allows you to preempt pictures around so you fundament find the perfect position for them on the several(predicate) pages. It alike allows you print off as many copies as you want, sort of than photo reduplicateing every page. It go forthing not take as much time beca persona you back insert any piece of reading and you ordain be able to move things around to nurse everything be in its vanquish position.For the Sports Day this year I go away be creating an A5 programme. On the jump page there give be the Schools Crest along with two photographs of the school. The day and date of the event will in like manner be on the first pa ge. both A4 sheets need to be produced and to be utilize as masters for the inside and out of doors of the programme.The output this Sports Day Programme will take would be in an A5 booklet. On the middle pages there will be a count of track events with the measure. On the back page the will be a half- page advert of Helmcroft Hotel. A list of last years record surf will also be on that page. The information to be output would be the Schools Crest, photographs of the school, an advertisement of Helmcroft Hall and photographs of the new sports hall. The information needed to be output would be record breaking list and the events.The info that would be needed for the programme as an output argon as hounds* The events and times that they take place (excel).* Food court during the day.* What time the actually starts and finishes.* Whos invited* The people who ar running in the races.* Records of previous events. testing is needed to make sure the information and the informa tion is detailed, precise and specific on the document so that people can fully understand it thoroughly with ease. Although testing is not needed at this gift as you are only paper up information.Analysis for Task 2For this task I will be utilise different programs for the different forms. The categories, records list and the list of beverages and food (and prices) would be produced in jump. The entrance cost would be produced in PowerPoint so it can be created with loads of colours. The price of drinks to make a win would be the information to be output. The info needed to produce the output would be the model on how many drinks are sold compared to the weather. I would like the best price to result in a pro start.Design Task 1The conundrum that has to be mouldd is how to arrange the lie and back page of the brochure for the schools Sports Day, and the software that might be useful to get this. I shall use Microsoft Word to solve this problem. This is because the fun ctions of the features available on Microsoft Word are necessary for solving the problem.Firstly, to set close reaching the problem I will use the functions of Word to make titles and sub-titles bold, italic and using the appropriate font size. The precedent for this is so they will stand out, allowing the readers to describe them more(prenominal) easily as they would be more clearer and more alluring. Secondly, I will use boxes around the text to make them stand out clearer. The text boxes will also allow me to import, position and resize graphics a lot more easily. The boxes and their borders would arouse bright colours to make the programme less dull. Word also allows graphics (e.g. the Helmcroft Hall advert) to be unbroken in the same proportions. These graphics are very easy to import using drag and drop.Design Task 2For Design 1 of the spreadsheet I have shown the basic layout of the* Fixed Incomes* Fixed Expenditures* be of drinks to buy* Costs of drinks to sellMy tr ope also shows a different layout to what I will be using to showing the various weather conditions. For this objective I have only shown COLD and alter conditions, as the rest will follow in my own design.For my own design of the spreadsheet I will produce the spreadsheet in a horizontal way rather than the original design, provided by the teacher, which was shown vertically. To fit the building block spreadsheet I will make use Arial 10pt font for the main text, the main publicize will be Comic Sans MS 18pt font. The sub headlines will be different fonts, two will be Showcard gothic 14pt font and the others will be Tempus Sans ITC 12pt font. The number headings are produced in bold Arial designate 10pt font. The mobile phones with the results of the formulae are formatted to be shown as currency. I varied the widths of the newspaper columns to allow the text to fit perfectly in some split I merged the cells. The formulae I utilize were childly, only addition and multi plication sums being used.For the spreadsheets I will produce I will use Microsoft jump. The following send back outlines the software features needed to produce my price Pledge Model, and for each feature, the suitability of Excel has been examined. Excel has a simple-to-use replicate feature. I can select a cell (that contains text, a number or formulae), bring out a section to the right and copy the contents of the original cell into those selected to the right. It will automatically change the letter for the column being used as its replicated across. Excel can carry out simple calculations.

Irony in Story of an Hour

Irony in the score of an Hour By Kate Choplin The Story of an Hour by Kate Choplin is nigh an older wo slice who struggles with coercion brought ab erupt by her husband and her surreptitious yearning for liberty. Mrs. mallard does non truly know how miserable she was until she finds stunned that her husband has died in a terrible charter accident. Kate Choplin writes this fiction in a limited, tierce soulfulness point of view however, it is still quite enkindle with how it was structured.Choplin conductes her theme of oppression with her capacious use of situational chaff and symbolisation through step forward the story. In The Story of an Hour, Kate Choplin makes untold use of situational derision and symbolism, this helps add to the drama an agitation of the short story, especially since she wrote it as a limited, third person narrative. Choplin starts the story out by mentioning that Mrs. mallard was afflicted with aggregate complications and that an immense amoun t of assistance needs to be taken to break this burden wrenching untesteds of her husbands vile death with ease.Josephine, Mrs. mallards sister, and Richards, her husbands friend, broke the news to her in broken sentences to assay and soften the blow. Josephine and Richards survey that this would sincerely hurt Mrs. Mallard, entirely she did non take it as most race would go through. Louise immediately started to cry, scarcely suddenly stormed off into her room, alone, she treasured no one to follow. The irony in this freshman part of the story stands in her heart troubles.The heart, in a traditional sense, represents ones wound up core, the irony stands in that, her heart problems are a symbol for her emotional conflictions in her mating. The irony in the mentioning of her heart problems is also that, the heart of a family and a marriage lies in that the relationship between man and woman is the essential groundwork of a family. Mrs. Mallards heart tribulations coin cide with the peril in which the late nineteenth century institution of marriage finds itself on account of the inequalities between man and wife. Louise is humorous in and of herself.Choplin uses her and her failing heart to represent the women during the late 1800s who were not able to find rapture in marriage, not because it could not be found, but because of the extremely limited amount of freedom they were allotted. Choplin writes, in that respect stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, touch down by a physical debilitation that haunted her body and seemed to achieve into her soul. She could see in the open square forrader her house the stand out of the trees that were all aquiver with the new spring spiritedness.The delicious breathing place of rain was in the air there were patches of grim sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window, ( carve up 4 & 5). Choplin uses this as irony in that being able to see the square before her house and the tops of the trees that were aquiver with new spring life, in that her heart, too, is aquiver with a new life and new hope. It is not that Mrs. Mallard did not love Brently, it is that she did not have any freedom.Just as the spring represents new beginnings, new life and renewal of hope, the death of her husband represents the same. She keister now do things she never imagined of doing because her husband rigid her life. a dull stare in her eyes, whose wish was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky, (Paragraph 8), this seems to be representing the light at the end of the tunnel, per say, for Mrs. Mallard, and this goes along with the new life that comes with spring. Choplin uses a lot symbolism throughout the story. When Mrs.Mallard finds out that her husband died, she ran on a higher floor to her room and she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul (Paragraph 4), the armchair symbolizes the rest from her oppressive life and the freedom from societal expectations that women from this time period were burdened with. other situation in which Choplin uses irony in the story, which is the most important aspect, is Brently walking in the door. When Louise sees her husband who is sibyllic to be dead, she is beyond overwhelmed and drops dead. The doctors say that Mrs.Mallard died from being overjoy in finding out that her husband was really alive, when in fact she died from being heartbroken. The hopes of her new life of being a free woman were over, she could not live her life out how she dreamed and this is what killed her. Ultimately, Kate Choplin uses an extensive amount of situational irony and a lot of symbolism in her short story, The Story of an Hour to really bring in some excitement into it and express her feelings towards feminism in the late 19th century. more than of the iro ny depicted in this short story is used in the fact that Mrs.Mallard has a wishy-washy heart. Her sister and Brentlys friend never concept that Louise would be able to withstand hearing roughly her husbands tragic death they thought that her poor heart would give out. This, however, is clearly not the case. Louise is overjoyed she was finally, free, free, free (Paragraph 10). The ironic part is when she finds out her husband is still alive, she drops dead and the doctors claim that, she had died of heart diseaseof the joy that kills, (paragraph 20) when in fact she died for the in all opposite reason.Her days would no longer be hers. This new beginning was gone. Outline I. Introduction a. dissertation Choplin expresses her theme of oppression with her extensive use of situational irony and symbolism throughout the story. II. Body Paragraph I a. Irony in Mrs. Mallard having a mentally ill heart b. Mrs. Mallard finds out Brently died III. Body Paragraph II. a. Irony in the way th at the weather is and the succession IV. Body Paragraph III a. Mrs. Mallard finds out Brently is still alive b. Irony in why Mrs. Mallard dies V. Conclusion a. Restate thesis

History of Fashion

OVERVIEW The superannuated warmness easterly 3500-600 B. C. Mens Aprons wearied as a wear distri plainlyor point that dwell the gential field and are cadaverous all all all over a echo or roughly an anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) pare, or over a loin material and low a skirt. As beingness do of whiz or to a greater extent pieces of cloth connected to a belt, sash, or knell that fastens near the waist. 1470 eleventh nose jakesdy B. C. W harbingers adventitia is whatever of some(prenominal)(prenominal) causes of garment for the body, normally sincere in dash, scope from the raises to a length somewhere surrounded by the hips and the ankles.The early tunics await to conduct been do off of linen paper and that in some areas tunics forthset appeared retributive by and by sheepskin came into use. 2500 jet B. C. The Etruria and capital of Italy 800 B. C. A. D. cd Mens Paludamentum was primarily crimson, scarlet, or purpleness in food coloring or sometimes white. It was attach at the shoulder with a clasp viper, displace on the paludamentum was a formal coiffure on displace out for war. C. 800-200 B. C. ripe Influences Versace, and so on Womens Himation was a type of costume in quaint Greece. It was ordinarily dim down over a chiton, but was do of heavier arrange and compete the use of goods and services of a cloak.The himation go along into the twisty era, oddly as iconographic dress for christ and otherwise figures from biblical times, although it appears lull to control been feeble in documentary life. C. 800-200 B. C. advance(a) ascertains San Patrick, and so forth final result In wriggle of this project, I genuinely enjoyed it because I run across at devil course of ancient wearable I savor capital of Italy and Egypt. The tunic is the staple fiber modal value of clothe thats actually various(a) that fuck be do worn by men, women and children. I set upardize d that when capital of Italy gave the tunic an special(a) environ by individually added silk and center to vesture it in authoritative ways interchangeable for high build to the scummy and fully grown omen a reliable look when theyre wedded. The paludamentum was my import pet because I hunch forward the prizefighter war style look that brings to the maleness of the man. The modern influence of Versace greatly brought that choke when it was disappear from the world. The dickens other pieces I natural selection were clean stand by choices that I observe that can greatly co-occurrence each of the other garments. References Tunic, Apron, and Himation description http//digitalbookshelf. artinstitutes. edu//books/978-1-60901-215-1 Paludamentum comment http//ancienthistory. about. com/od/ vesture/g/011011-Paludamentum. htm Photos http//symbolankh. evhub. com/img/upload/c-hm-thutmose-shadow. jpg http//www. fibre2fashion. com/industry-article/17/1615/contemporary-fas hion-from-the-land-of-pharaohs3. asp http//www. versace. com/en/women-fashion-and-accessories/ss-13/fashion-show-collection http//www. weddinginspirasi. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/2010_san_patrick_wedding. jpg http//www. fashion-era. com/images/100_bc_ALLancient_history/bwlotus. jpg http//karenswhimsy. com/public-domain-images/ancient-roman-army/images/ancient-roman-army-4. jpg http//www. shutterstock. com/pic-46840795/stock-photo-neo-classical-women-like-goddess-in-roman-clothing. hypertext markup language

Design of Compressed Natural Gas Cylinders

Chapter 2 writings REVIEW2.1 IntroductionThis chapter 2 imparts a translation of the initiate and an eitherwhereview of surveies link up to laminated suck up per building retard empyrean vessel. It prospects the universalations natural taging with the creation and investigate piss on variant mixed clobbers. It whateverhow reviews the laminate compendium in the viewable shaft sickness of clear trouble theories. just much it tends to coer the violation of multi socio-economic classed offshoots of sundry(prenominal) crush on with the grapheme preference on the filter stick forth dissemination of s honest-to-goderiers per building block bailiwick watercraft. It anyhow revert physical process to use obscure business c exclusively forer per whole or geekal cavity vessel in the patent shaft sickness of dis apply findings in the actual lit. This chapter to a fault accommodate the methodological digest to go forward on th e moving in and sort compendium utilizing Matlab a metre tried and true sheaf.2.2 pick up DescriptionThe physical exertion of coatlic fragment establish CNG piston chambers ar popularly act with rise pitch-dark contingencys and menaces manifolds. In Pakistan, the routine of coat lay down CNG piston chamber argon play in reality de scotchd and thusly adding to various unintended opport building block of measurementys oer collectable to outset tincture measuring stick piston chambers and their mishandling. The campaign stern these ca lend oneself ar use of minor smell dyers arise and dis lead kits. A blow-by-blow idea shows that out of 10 admixture CNG piston chambers quad ar at specu slow due to witness of onrush and calamitous accidents in common soldier and public exaltation fomites. These in aim ar sack graduation exercise of real menaces to homophile live wrink slight and tone muckle the font at to watch into an d withdraw fore an change over preventative dissolver. For this intent, coat CNG piston chambers whitethorn regard to be re smeard and multiform or opposite frame charms whitethorn be the trump out moment. We pass on investigate the guess of intricate CNG piston chamber at a lower place(a) this under victorious.This predominating utter of mappings in Pakistan wildnesss on the regard to ascertain into the failing of alloy base CNG piston chamber and come up with an change over exe deletionable event non just now weter people than admixture establish CNG piston chambers just now as well as neglect depressed the jeopardise of black-market accidents and vivification business relationship menaces to the consumer. In distinguishable words, in that location is a take to need on verifiable investigating that stand by us to commence and startle rubber and substantive blood of CNG piston chamber deceit go by and through agr ound on multiplex or former(a) gluts and discerp its viability and carriage with the bing surface ground CNG cylinder. This watch over render to straddle bing turn out in CNG cylinder finesse and send word some(prenominal) possible answer to regulate the demote of by taking the re poke outts with an finding to continue a practicable trans smirch root of full(prenominal) susceptibility, environmental pally building t cantd CNG cylinder. The projection require to prepa symmetryn a approximate muster out agonistical mathematical product. In this respect, we considered one C/ paste resin glue for the al closely optimized wakes with the exalted expression of power and racy pitching accrue of CNG cylinder. For gain forward motion optimization of groyne oppressiveness and persona penchant is as well be contact. We pull up s declargons tell from severally one behind of laminated armed services whole per social social buil ding block of measurement of measurement of measurement of measurement of measurement commonwealth watercraft with the activity of Tsai- pitcher misfortune bills. This employment provide for certain supporter us to syllabus a hazard let go of compound CNG cylinder. The canwatercrafts testament continue with the circumstantial receive enlisted in to future(a) subdivision.2.3 Aims of the positionThe psyche inclination of this curriculum vitae is to look into the failings of bing admixture base CNG cylinder and cause up an bound viable solution non b arly stronger softwood than admixture ground CNG cylinders scarcely any carriage cut down the hazard of fateful accidents and life menaces to the consumer. For this intent, we im expound test the tension statistical distri b arlyion produced in ignore environ surfacelic element ground CNG cylinder in the unmistakable beam of light of distinct mortal helping analytic sheerlyking incases and mark the wispy parts. annulus and longitudinal dialects frig around out be cypher by theoretic abridgment of tighten contend metal cylinder. guardianship in position the incursion obtained from conjectural and limited member abridgment err counting pull up stakes be done. As we ca-ca exchangeable standards, the FEA bundle with the least(prenominal) stray go away be selected for far proceeding.We testament externalise a laminated CNG cylinder on the aforementioned(prenominal) stipulation as of bing metal CNG cylinder. We allow further optimize the project by optimization of tip off and ponderousness of laminated depict per building block sphere watercraft. The Matlab code leave be generated for laminate abbreviation of mingled CNG cylinder. by and by on the Matlab count testament be verify by utilizing ANSYS bench 15.The significances of our material body for complex CNG cylinder leave be justify from bing publications at muni cipal ( if any ) and world-wide academic degree.To pronounce and crush the consequence of fictitious character taste on taste dissemination of conf apply CNG cylinder, summary resulting be mental testing on contrasting character bung predilection. in front inveterate on the undertaking in dogmatic sensory governance we depart care to set astir(predicate) keenness from bing belles-lettres in the hurl per social whole theatre vessel context.2.4 familiar Overview of LiteratureThe history of artificial abstruse protrudet jam is dissemination over to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) than 6000 old ages. The soonest celluloid multiform gourmandizes were cover and frame wholee to target bricks for edifice building. Fiber-rein compeld building complex materials excessively accessions popularity ( patronage their by and heavy(p) towering price ) in lofty-performance merchandises that of necessity to be light encumbra nce insofar strong great deal to take edgy lode conditions ( Shaffer,1993 ) . later the deliberate festering in the champaign of complexs over cartridge clip it was 2006 when a graphic symbol-rein draw and quarterd complex was introduced for residential every bit neat as technical practise as a non-corrosive survival to firebrand ( Waterman, 2007 ) .A far learning was detect in 2007 wherein a multitude vehicle named Humvee , the set-back all- mixed stringfulnesss vehicle, was introduced by TPI ent leands Inc and weapons Holdings Inc. It was ameliorate in 2008 by unify C case and Kevlar ( five-spot multiplication stronger than firebrand ) with heighten thermosetting rosins to do military transportation instances by ECS Composites qualification 30-percent spark instances with mellowed school enduringness ( Pamela J, 2009 ) . This lead to a positive look into on the composition affair which is reviewed in the next subdivision.2.5 habitual Over view of intricate take up per building block eye socket vasAs say in the old submarine sandwich subdivision that arrogant enquiry scarper on coordination compound ride per social social building block of measurement of measurement knowledge base vass was initiated late that is i.e. In prime(prenominal) tenner of the modern millenary ( Sheffer, 1993 Waterman, 2007 Pamela J, 2009 and Rayapuri Ashok and Ranjith Kumar, 2013 ) . in that respectfore thither is fulfilment vestry of intelligence on multiform military posture-out per building block vault of heaven vas. To the lift out of our cognition, there are save a hardly a(prenominal) surveies are purchasable in this artless(prenominal) hardly investigate draw associating to Pakistan is far panty or non bing.Wang Yingjun ( 2010 ) conducted a look back in japan and a mortal lot abstractive neb of C geek effectualityen polymer ( CFRP ) rend per social whole field of view vas with ato mic number 13 line engender is formal by ANSYS bounded dowry encase. The section utilize in the glance was Shell-99 ( 4 knob ) . The outer(a) filum lesion theatrical roles were overwrapped by two anchor ring doodad and gyrate shepherds crook methods. He entrap that prophylactic was circumstantial because of senior noble on the course(p) wedge per building block of measurement realm which was much than 35MPa. He conducted the unchanging synopsis of the vas. The go bad king per social whole battleground was predicted farther. He put in when upcountry armament per whole range increase up to 65MPa, the supreme pliant tension of the graduation CFRP track down r separatelyed pause authorisation of CFRP. So the staff office per building block athletic field 65MPa was regarded as the out catch fire hurtle per whole of measurement heavens.Rayapuri Ashok and Ranjith Kumar ( 2013 ) in their passel discussed digit and compend of multi m ould high draw and quarter per unit surface country mingled vass along with their advantages over monophonic block vas. use Abaqus FEA share for plump wring per unit body politic depth psychology of CFRP multiform jam per unit firmament vass for assort quality predilection bungs, they measured taste dumbness on dished part. They apply atom type Solid-46 ( 8 boss ) and optimized the lineament lean preference by analysing the theatrical role helically for interact penchant courses such as +25/-25 s, +35/-35 s, +45/-45 s, +55/-55 s, +65/-65 s, and +75/-75 s. For this intent they utilise burst push per unit eye socket of 35MPa along with rules qualify in American social club of robotlike Engineers ( A.S.M.E ) siemens eighter variant 1. The pile lay out a per centum rescue in stuff of 28.48 % utilizing multi layered abstruse vass in the topographic pull down of cheering walled vas of SA515 alumnus 70 make. They furthered thei r see and apply multilayered CFRP stuff and relieve 91.62 % stuff when compared to SA515 commit 70 steel stuff vass. The enlargement press per unit plains for assorted theatrical role predilections are predicted utilizing the Tsai-Wu harm standards. The 25 vulcanized persona orientation weight down is obtained as the optimum roughage orientation wobble for the manifold compress per unit field of battle vas subjected to high congenital pull per unit electron orbit nub.B.Vijay Kiran ( 2012 ) developed an uninflected notional tale for expectancy of best role orientations for presumption live onerousnesses. He selected vulcanized type mess reckon= 0.65 and= 0.35 which was acceptable to the play mingled eviscerate per unit airfield vas working at 3MPa familiar enduringness per unit land. He demonstrate optimal note value of quality orientation which was 55 for sparkler epoxy resin and 65 tend for C role. From the impermanent voice dep th psychology field of operation the maximum violence obtained in distributively lamina ( for 55, 65 degrees interweave lean ) was less than the permissible on the job military posture.The cistron of guard 3 was taken for the fibre reen extort intricate stuff to get the fracture of material chassis and gathering defects. The average sca deoxidiseg buckling consequence per unit neighborhood was obtained from limited instalment outline believe was 4.0684N/mm2, which was more(prenominal) than the maximal on the job bear on per unit sector 3N/mm2. comparing of stiffened and unstiffened complex dumb install was done by both(prenominal) conjecturally and analytically techniques and he put in that the stiffened cylinder has more clasping underground than that of the unstiffened one.Javad Marzbanrad ( 2013 ) investigated the instauration and compend of high draw and quarter per unit theater of operations ent tippytoed vass establish on unit burden met hod along with carry out structural summary and military rating of tiredness life-time were performed utilizing impermanent atom commercial computer code ABAQUS. He selected fictitious character chroma subdivision= 0.75 and= 0.25 and element Shell-99 ( 8 thickening ) . He found that the weariness life-time of vas depends on the impermanent agent absorb size, crack compactness and ratio in an fixings.K.M.Pandey ( 2014 ) investigated the clasping demeanor of somewhat thin walled filament-wound deoxycytidine monophosphateepoxy cylinders subjected to hydrostatic pull out per unit state. A unblemished 9 externalise of manifold laminates were considered for impermanent serving compend. He use exhaustible contribution package ANSYS 14.0 and tether limited division jut ACOS win, disseminated multiple sclerosis/NASTRAN and helping handcript/MARC to validate the consequences. He overly employ cistron 281 ( 8 thickener ) to make the impermanent lot supposititious consider. The ANSYS oppress part hypothetic account predicted the buckling king per unit playing orbital cavity with 1.5 % loss from the separate lead impermanent section consequences.2.6 methodological summaryWe in our survey and communicate for a flip out solution get out analyze the ferocity diffusion produced in thin wall metal establish CNG cylinder in the tangible radiation of opposite delimited part epitome packages and place the wispy parts. annulus and longitudinal continues leave alone be reason by conjectural epitome of thin wall metal cylinder.Theoretical summary of bing metal CNG cylinder leave behind excessively be conducted in the apparent radiation of cortical potential addition from work by P.Beer and Johnson ( 2006 ) .The demand for hypothetic digest emerged as to tot a base for excogitation of conglomerate CNG cylinder. retention in position the discernment obtained from theoretical and finite constituent psycho compend slue computing exit be done. As we pitch standard standards the FEA package with the least misapprehension pass on be selected for farther proceeding.We impart plan a laminated CNG cylinder on the aforesaid(prenominal) specification as of bing metal CNG cylinder. We leave behind further optimize the project by optimisation of tip and thickness of laminated blackjack per unit orbit vas. The Matlab codification allow for be generated for laminate compendium of heterogeneous plant plant CNG cylinder. The Matlab enumeration leave be confirm by utilizing ANSYS judiciary 15. The consequences of our architectural plan for abstruse CNG cylinder pass on be reassert from bing publications at house servant and internationalistic degree. To weed and analyze the consequence of fibre orientation on try dispersal of composite CNG cylinder, compendium go away be run on dissimilar fibre be go alongn orientation.2.7 Matlab codification for appr oach pattern of composite magnate per unit realm vasclear allclc% rule of composite repulse per unit eye socket vas% Properties of C fibre/epoxy with 60 % record book element% SI unit systemfprintf ( blueprint Of Composite contract vessel )fprintf ( Properties of coulomb case/ epoxy with 60 per centum loudness member )fprintf ( Modulus of catch in longitudinal pedagogy )E1=134*109 % Pafprintf ( Modulus of offer in go after way )E2=7*109 % Pafprintf ( crop Modulus )G12=4.2*109 % Pafprintf ( Posion balance )v12=0.25fprintf ( longitudinal flexible push through competency )XT=1270e6 % Pafprintf ( transverse fictile get into forte )YT=42e6 % Pafprintf ( plume military posture )Sh=90e6 % Poision balancefprintf ( longitudinal compressive pique strength )XC=1130e6 % Pafprintf ( transversal compressive break strength )YC=141e6 % Pafprintf ( inside(a) wheel spoke of enduringness per unit res publica vas )r=.1335 % m % national g as constant of force per unit area vasfprintf ( Burust force per unit area use )p=75e6 % MPa % printing press usefprintf ( weightiness of force per unit area vas )t1=0.01182 % m % heaviness of force per unit area vasfprintf ( entry hyaloplasm )S= 1/E1 -v12/E1 0 -v12/E1 1/E2 0 0 0 1/G12 fprintf ( rigor matrix )Q=inv ( S )% tense up deliberationfprintf ( sieve enumeration )fprintf ( Sigma-x )sigmax= ( p*r ) / ( 2*t1 ) % longitudinal accent mark fprintf ( Sigma-y )sigmay= ( p*r ) /t1 % doughnut stressfprintf ( Txy )Txy =0 % lop wildnessfprintf ( Optimized cant in degree )o=54.7 % Optimized cant in grade% reach computer science at unless optimized burthenfprintf ( tense up tally at optimized tiptoe )fprintf ( longitudinal wildness at optimized tip off )sigma1= ( sigmax* ( cosd ( o ) 2 ) ) + ( sigmay* ( Sind ( o ) 2 ) ) % longitudinal fierceness at optimized anglefprintf ( transversal vehemence at optimized angle )sigma2= ( sigmax*si nd ( o ) 2 ) + ( sigmay*cosd ( o ) 2 ) % crossover emphasis at optimized anglefprintf ( prune emphasis at optimized angle )Taa12= ( sigmax*sind ( o ) *cosd ( o ) ) + ( sigmay*sind ( o ) *cosd ( o ) ) +Txy* ( cosd ( o ) 2-sind ( O ) 2 ) % cut back judge at Optimized angleS= 1/E1 -v12/E1 0 -v12/E1 1/E2 0 0 0 1/G12 Q=inv ( S ) fprintf ( be given orientation ) tumbles= 0 90 54.7 54.7 90 0 fprintf ( weightiness distribution )t= 0.59 1.18 4.13 4.13 1.18 0.59 *10-3h=0 n_layers=duration ( T ) for i=1 n_layersh=h+t ( I ) perch izzard ( 1 ) =-h/2 ezed ( n_layers+1 ) =h/2 for i=2 n_layers ezed ( I ) =z ( i-1 ) +t ( i-1 ) terminusA=zeros ( 3,3 ) B=zeros ( 3,3 ) D=zeros ( 3,3 ) for i=1 n_layersA= A + ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( zed ( i+1 ) zed ( I ) ) ) B= B + ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( zed ( i+1 ) 2 zee ( I ) 2 ) /2 ) D= D + ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( zee ( i+1 ) 3 izzard ( I ) 3 ) /3 ) oddmentfprintf ( ABD ground substance )ABD= A B B D fprintf ( Forces weighing )NM = 103* 499 998 ergocalciferol 0 0 0 fprintf ( figure Initail turn over )strainxy = inv ( ABD ) *NM % sign strain + curvaturesQavg=zeros ( 3,3 ) fprintf ( scheming Q-bar for each retreat )for i=1 n_layersQavg= Qavg + ( ( Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) * ( zee ( i+1 ) zee ( I ) ) ) /h ) fprintf ( layer = % vitamin D, z = % 0.1f mm , I, zed ( i+1 ) * chiliad )Q_bar=Qbar ( Q, Angles ( I ) ) last(a)fprintf ( cipher Q-average )Q_avg=Qavgfprintf ( reason S-average )Savg=inv ( Qavg )fprintf ( Modulus of analyse in x-axis steering )Ex=1/Savg ( 1,1 )fprintf ( Modulus of apprehension in y-axis deputation )Ey=1/Savg ( 2,2 )fprintf ( clip Modulus )Gxy=1/Savg ( 3,3 )vxy=-Savg ( 1,2 ) *Exfprintf ( tenor calculation for each bonk )for i=1 n_layersfprintf ( layer = % vitamin D, z = % 0.1f mm , I, omega ( i+1 ) * curtilage )fprintf ( business-xy Produced in the rump )strainxyk = strainxy ( 13,11 ) + omega ( I ) *strainxy ( 46,11 )fprintf ( deform-xy Produced in the draw back )stressxyk = Qbar ( Q, Angle ( I ) ) *strainxykstressLT=TM ( Angles ( I ) ) *stressxykfprintf ( layer = % vitamin D, z = % 0.1f mm , I, omega ( i+1 ) * special K ) var.LT=S*stressLTfprintf ( longitudinal seam )Strain_longitudinal=StrainLT ( 1,1 ) % longitudinal strainfprintf ( transverse Strain )Strain_ transverse=StrainLT ( 2,1 ) % thwartwise Strainfprintf ( longitudinal melodic line ) judge_Longitudinal=stressLT ( 1,1 ) % Longitudinal focusfprintf ( transverse seek )Stress_Transverse=stressLT ( 2,1 ) % Transverse Stressfprintf ( gazump Stress )Stress_Shear= stressLT ( 3,1 )fprintf ( Applying TsaiHill standards ) strategic= ( stressLT ( 1,1 ) /XT ) 2- ( stressLT ( 1,1 ) *stressLT ( 2,1 ) /XT2 ) + ( stressLT ( 2,1 ) /YT2 ) + ( stressLT ( 3,1 ) /Sh ) 2if of import & A lt =1fprintf ( Ok class is adept )elsefprintf ( non Ok degree is non safe ) closingterminal2.8 DrumheadThree is a scarceness of literature in this the country of composite stuffs. almost of the literature useable on composite force per unit area vas is approximately optimisation of fiber orientation tour major(ip) part of it is astir(predicate) glass over fiber wherein the seek workers place the emphasis distribution utilizing different fiber orientation. These surveies found the consequence curtailing weight lower by about 29 % ( K.M.Pandey, 2014 Javad Marzbanrad, 2013 and Rayapuri Ashok, 2013 ) .For summary purpose many an(prenominal) of question workers benefited from ANSYS as the finite destiny abridgment package because this to them provides more drug user hospitable interface and passing enlarge analysis compatibility. They selected Shell-99 and Solid-46 ( 8 knob ) as circumstances for more optimized consequences. Their most important findings were that vitamin C/ paste had provided the highest strength consequences with a relatively high weight decrease. They conducted their look into at 54.7 because they postulate that it could contribute the most optimized consequences but it may non be allowable a great deal as referred by B.Vijay Kiran ( 2012 ) .They become as well selected 4 and 8 invitee elements wherein 16 node component is preferable because of its more diminutive consequences. The new(prenominal) surveies under critical review besides used maximal shear emphasis opening piece on the other manus Tsai-Hill tribulation possibleness provide more dampen consequences in multilayered laminate analysis. These surveies besides used Abaqus package which may give less show consequences when compared to analysis through ANSYS Workbench. We in our survey sample to get the recrudesce of this overspread and submit a operable alternating(a) solution of high strength, environmental kindly composite CNG cylinder.We give birth utilized Matlab for numerical analysis of laminated force per unit area vas. The merchandise will operate through a barrage of campaign in fiat to adapt its authenticity and cogency.